Many people are confused about the type of battery when buying new energy vehicles. In fact, the difference between ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries mainly lies in the cathode material. Among them, the cathode material of ternary lithium battery is “nickel salt, cobalt salt, manganese salt/lithium aluminate”, while the cathode material of lithium iron phosphate battery uses “lithium iron phosphate”. In addition, both electrolytes and negative electrode materials use lithium hexafluorophosphate and graphite.
To say which one is better, ternary lithium battery or lithium iron phosphate battery, you have to figure out the advantages and disadvantages between the two. But in general, if the local climate is relatively cold, it is best to choose ternary lithium batteries. If it is not so cold, like in Guangdong, it is best to choose lithium iron phosphate batteries.
Specifically why, we need to clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages between the two. Let’s first look at lithium iron phosphate batteries:
Advantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries
1. It does not contain precious metal elements such as cobalt, and the raw materials are easy to obtain and the cost is low;
2. The battery has high temperature resistance, the thermal runaway temperature can reach about 800 degrees, and has good safety performance;
3. The battery cycle life can reach more than 3500 times, and some can even reach 5000 times, which means it has a long service life;
4. The battery operating voltage is 3.2-3.4V, which can meet the basic requirements of vehicle batteries;
5. After the battery life expires, there is still 80% stored power, and the recycling value is high.
Disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries
1. The low-temperature performance is poor. At around minus 20 degrees, the battery will basically decay to about 55%;
2. The energy density is low. Every time it reaches 150wh/kg, the battery volume/weight will be larger.
3. The battery has a long service life, but the battery pack has a short service life, generally around 500 times;
4. The overall manufacturing cost of the battery is high;
5. The battery process performance is unstable and has poor consistency.
The above are the advantages and disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Let’s take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of ternary lithium batteries:
Advantages of ternary lithium batteries
1. The battery output voltage reaches 3.7V, which has greater specific energy and greater specific power;
2. Good high-rate charging performance and fast charging speed;
3. Good low-temperature performance, the heating performance of the battery can still reach more than 70% at minus 20 degrees;
4. The energy density is high, reaching more than 200wh per kilogram, and the battery size and weight will be smaller.
5. High discharge voltage and good output power.
Disadvantages of ternary lithium batteries
1. The cycle life is low, basically around 2500 times;
2. Not resistant to high temperatures, the thermal runaway temperature is around 200 degrees, and the safety performance is low;
3. The battery contains precious metals such as cobalt, and the material cost is high;
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